Land-ethic-Earth-text-002I believe that civilization is evil. Obviously, most people are not going to agree. What moral code does civilization so grievously violate that it can be called evil? You are probably expecting me to talk about slavery, genocide, war and other such horrors, and of course those are all great evils. But as far as I am concerned, that is a much too small and narrow a definition of morality. The scope of our evil is tremendously greater than how we treat each other. In one simple sentence this is how I define morality:

A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise.” Aldo Leopold in “Sand County Almanac

I believe that civilizations every act of destruction and violation of nature is immoral. Our unbelievable atrocities against nature alone are enough to classify civilization as evil, but we do it with such glee and joy that it moves civilization symbolically out of the crime of man-slaughter into the realm of hate crimes. Killing to eat is not immoral because it contributes to the stability and integrity of the community as a whole. A wildfire that naturally burns down a forest is not evil because it contributes to the stability and integrity of the community as a whole Cutting down the huge portions of the Amazon rainforest to save a dime on the cost of food does destroy the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community! Cutting it down without even a thank-you and then not eating it and just throwing it away instead is an obscenity. But cutting it down, then throwing it away while there are millions of people starving to death moves it well out of the realm of stupidity and immorality into pure evil.

since 1970, over 600,000 square kilometers (232,000 square miles) of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed.

Since 1970, over 232,000 square miles of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed.

I understand that nearly all of you will reject that as a moral principle. But before you do, at least let me present the logic and thinking behind it. To do that I want to start with the teachings of Aldo Leopold in his book Sand County Almanac.
Leopold made an effort to enlarge and broaden mankind’s understanding of right and wrong by introducing a Land Ethic that governs our actions not only with each other, but with the entire planet. I believe he successfully boils all ethics down to this one, simple sentence:

“A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise.”

He defines ethics as the need for a person to fit into a community of interdependent parts. He believes that each of us has a drive for our own selfish ends, but morality dictates that we subdue that drive in order to meet the needs of the whole community. In other words, my life depends on the whole, so I must let go of some of my personal wants and needs so that the whole community survives. He says:

All ethics so far evolved rest upon a single premise: that the individual is a member of a community of interdependent parts. His instincts prompt him to compete for his place in that community, but his ethics prompt him also to co-operate (perhaps in order that there may be a place to compete for).

He goes on to discuss how morality and ethics have changed over time, he makes the point that in the past we extended our morality to our limited community but refused it to others that are not part of our community. He says that at one time it was perfectly moral and ethical to own, abuse and even kill a slave, but it would have been totally unethical to treat family, friends and fellow countrymen that way. He goes on to say that over the course of time, we saw how limited and wrong that was and we enlarged the community of people who we were obligated to treat ethically to everyone regardless of race, creed, color or social status (obviously we often fail to live up to it, but at least we acknowledge that it’s the moral thing to do).
But he believes that even that ethic was much too limited and the time has come for us to enlarge it again:

“The land ethic simply enlarges the boundaries of the community to include soils, waters, plants, and animals, or collectively: the land…

A land ethic changes the role of Homo sapiens from conqueror of the land-community to plain member and citizen of it. It implies respect for his fellow-members, and also respect for the community as such.”

Most of you will find that idea ludicrous and shocking. Elevating rocks, rivers, plants and animals to a position of moral and ethical equality to humans is preposterous. But let me ask you a very simple question, can you name one single thing in your life that does not come to you from the earth? Seriously, stop what you are doing right now and look at all the things that surround you, where did they all come from? I would challenge you to find anything that did not come directly from the greater earth community (oil, rocks, soil, water, animals, minerals). You can’t.
That means that we are a part of a total, inter-dependent Earth-Community, and that my well-being depends on the well-being of every other member of the community. If the whole community suffers, I suffer. If it dies, I die. So I have a moral obligation to deny my natural instincts toward filling my own needs and desires in order to maintain the good of the community as a whole.
In the same way that it is immoral for me to steal from you and make you my slave, it is equally immoral for me to do harm to the earth—and for exactly the same reason, to do harm to you is to do harm to me, and to do harm to the earth is to do harm to me.
But, that is still too limited a morality as far as I am concerned. The truth is that just as every human has intrinsic value in him/herself regardless of the value they bring to other people, the earth has intrinsic value in itself regardless of what value it brings to us.
For me to suggest that the world is one giant whole and every part of it is connected and so must be treated ethically, is being substantiated by science every day! There are frequent new experiments and discoveries that lend credence to the truth that everything on the planet is connected and that we are not only formed from interchangeable parts(molecules and atoms), but there may even remain some kind of “spooky” connection between us:

Quantum entanglement is just spooky — even Einstein thought so. As if particles (as in particle physics) have telepathic empathy.

The theory of quantum mechanics predicts that two or more particles can become “entangled” so that even after they are separated in space, when an action is performed on one particle, the other particle responds immediately. Scientists still don’t know how the particles send these instantaneous messages to each other, but somehow, once they are entwined, they retain a fundamental connection.

This bizarre idea riled Einstein so much he called it “spooky action at a distance.” http://www.livescience.com/5499-einsteins-spooky-physics-entangled.html

land-ethics-spooky-entanglement

An artistic representation of two entangled pairs of trapped ions. The mist between the two mechanical oscillators is used to represent the entanglement. Credit: John Jost and Jason Amini – http://www.livescience.com/5499-einsteins-spooky-physics-entangled.html

When the suggestion comes up that there may be some “spooky” connection between things in the every-day world of matter that you and I live in, physicists have generally held that there is no connection between the quantum world and our larger “normal” world. But that may have changed recently when an experiment…

…proved that this kind of everyday springy motion is entangle-able, and blurred the boundary between the quantum world and the regular macroscopic world we live in, where normal objects don’t behave like that.  http://www.livescience.com/5499-einsteins-spooky-physics-entangled.html

We know that every atom and molecule in your body existed in multiple forms before they all came together to form you individually. You have shared your molecules with an incomprehensible number of things going all the way back to the original Big Bang, 14 billion years ago. In fact 93% of the mass in your body is literally stardust!

We can conclude that 93% of the mass in our body is stardust. Just think, long ago someone may have wished upon a star that you are made of. http://physicscentral.com/explore/poster-stardust.cfm

I believe that the entire universe has some sort of a cellular connection and that at some level my actions toward anything has an effect and repercussion on everything else. All we need to do is remember it:

We must remember the chemical connections between our cells and the stars, between the beginning and now. We must remember and reactivate the primal consciousness of oneness between all living things. We must return to that time, in our genetic memory, in our dreams, when we were one species born to live together on Earth as her magic children. Barbara Mor

Many of you will simply reject that as ridiculous and totally woo-woo. But Albert Einstein appeared to put some stock in the idea that every organic and inorganic thing in the universe is connected and actually One and therefore humans have a moral obligation to expand their moral community from just his close circle of friends and include them all:

“A human being is a part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feeling as something separated from the rest, a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty. ~Albert Einstein

I urge each of you to join Einstein and I on the task of widening our circle of compassion and morality to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty–Not as Conquerors, But as Equals.